The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 addresses the admissibility of character evidence in both civil and criminal cases. This chapter explains when and how the character of a party—whether good or bad—can become relevant to the issues in a case. It draws a careful line between personal traits and legal facts, allowing character evidence only in specific … Read more
Under the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984, certain facts are considered so obvious or already established that they do not require formal proof. This chapter explains these exceptions, such as facts judicially noticeable by the court or facts admitted by both parties. The goal is to streamline the judicial process by avoiding unnecessary evidence on matters already … Read more
The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 gives foundational importance to oral evidence, which is often the primary means through which facts are established in court. This chapter defines oral evidence and lays down the rules governing its admissibility, reliability, and the conditions under which it must be direct. It also distinguishes between competent and incompetent witnesses, emphasizing … Read more
The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 dedicates these chapters to the treatment of documentary evidence and the distinctions between public and private documents. Chapter 11 deals with how documents may be presented and proved in court. Chapter 12 classifies documents and highlights the procedure for proving public documents. Chapter 13 introduces various presumptions the court may draw … Read more
The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) occupies a prominent position in the Law Graduate Admission Test (LAW GAT) syllabus. This article delves into the significance of the CPC, exploring its core principles and highlighting its importance for success in the LAW GAT exam. What is the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908? Enacted in 1908, … Read more
The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC), is comprehensive legislation that governs the procedural aspects of civil litigation in Pakistan. It provides the legal framework for enforcing civil rights and resolving disputes in civil courts. The CPC ensures uniformity and fairness in the adjudication of civil matters while maintaining procedural efficiency. Importance of Preparing CPC … Read more
The Civil Procedure Code (CPC), 1908, is a cornerstone of procedural law in India and Pakistan, providing the framework for the administration of civil justice. Within the CPC, Orders are systematic rules that detail the procedures for various stages of a civil suit, supplementing the general provisions of the Act. These Orders are included in … Read more
Order I of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 deals with the parties to a suit, outlining the rules regarding who may be joined as plaintiffs or defendants in a civil case. It lays down the foundational principles for proper joinder of parties to ensure that all necessary and proper persons are brought before the … Read more
Order VI of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 deals with the pleadings in a civil suit, which include the plaint and the written statement. It provides the general rules regarding how parties must state their claims and defenses in court. The purpose of this Order is to ensure clarity, precision, and proper framing of … Read more
Order VII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 lays down the rules relating to the plaint, which is the statement of claim filed by the plaintiff to initiate a civil suit. This Order specifies the essential contents of a plaint, the requirements for its proper drafting, and the circumstances under which a plaint may … Read more
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