The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 dedicates these chapters to the treatment of documentary evidence and the distinctions between public and private documents.
Chapter 11 deals with how documents may be presented and proved in court.
Chapter 12 classifies documents and highlights the procedure for proving public documents.
Chapter 13 introduces various presumptions the court may draw regarding certain documents, such as registered deeds or official records.
Together, these chapters form the backbone of documentary procedures, ensuring authenticity, reliability, and clarity in the presentation of written evidence.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Chapter XI: Of Improper Admission and Rejection of Evidence
- What does improper admission or rejection of evidence affect according to Chapter XI?
- A) It always leads to a new trial.
- B) It automatically reverses the decision.
- C) It does not itself justify a new trial or reversal of any decision.
- D) It only affects civil cases.
Answer: C) It does not itself justify a new trial or reversal of any decision.
- Under what condition will the improper admission or rejection of evidence not justify a new trial?
- A) When the evidence was not critical to the decision.
- B) When independent evidence justifies the decision.
- C) When the court deems it irrelevant.
- D) When the evidence was oral testimony.
Answer: B) When independent evidence justifies the decision.
- If rejected evidence had been received, under what condition would it not have varied the decision?
- A) When the decision was already made.
- B) When the evidence was inadmissible.
- C) If it should not have changed the decision.
- D) If it was irrelevant to the case.
Answer: C) If it should not have changed the decision.
Chapter XII: Decision of Case on the Basis of Oath
- When can the plaintiff call upon the defendant to deny the claim on oath?
- A) At any time during the trial.
- B) When the defendant refuses to testify.
- C) When the plaintiff takes an oath in support of his claim.
- D) When there is insufficient evidence.
Answer: C) When the plaintiff takes an oath in support of his claim.
- What can the Court do upon the plaintiff taking an oath in support of his claim?
- A) Dismiss the case.
- B) Call upon the defendant to deny the claim on oath.
- C) Automatically rule in favor of the plaintiff.
- D) Postpone the trial.
Answer: B) Call upon the defendant to deny the claim on oath.
- Does Chapter XII apply to laws related to the enforcement of Hudood or other criminal cases?
- A) Yes, it applies to all cases.
- B) No, it does not apply to Hudood or other criminal cases.
- C) Only if specified by the Court.
- D) Yes, but only in civil matters.
Answer: B) No, it does not apply to Hudood or other criminal cases.
- What additional measures can the Court take when deciding a case on the basis of oath?
- A) Nothing beyond the oath.
- B) Any orders regarding costs and other matters.
- C) Only orders related to evidence.
- D) Measures are not specified.
Answer: B) Any orders regarding costs and other matters.
Chapter XIII: Miscellaneous
- When may the Court allow the production of evidence that has become available because of modern devices or techniques?
- A) In any case without restriction.
- B) In cases the Court considers appropriate.
- C) Only in criminal cases.
- D) Only in civil cases.
Answer: B) In cases the Court considers appropriate.
- What is the effect of the provisions of the QSO according to Section 165?
- A) They only apply when no other law exists.
- B) They override other laws.
- C) They are subject to the Evidence Act, 1872.
- D) They are optional guidelines.
Answer: B) They override other laws.
- Which Act is repealed by the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order?
- A) The Criminal Procedure Code, 1898.
- B) The Civil Procedure Code, 1908.
- C) The Evidence Act, 1872.
- D) The Penal Code, 1860.
Answer: C) The Evidence Act, 1872.
- In what context does Section 164 of the QSO mention modern devices or techniques?
- A) Only related to digital evidence.
- B) Any evidence that becomes available due to modern devices.
- C) Only for forensic analysis.
- D) Specifically for electronic communications.
Answer: B) Any evidence that becomes available due to modern devices.
- How does Section 165 of the QSO influence other existing laws?
- A) It supplements them.
- B) It nullifies them.
- C) It has overriding effect.
- D) It is subordinate to them.
Answer: C) It has overriding effect.
- What is the legal consequence of the repeal mentioned in Section 166?
- A) The Evidence Act, 1872 remains applicable.
- B) The Evidence Act, 1872 is no longer in force.
- C) The Evidence Act, 1872 is partially repealed.
- D) It repeals all previous evidence laws.
Answer: B) The Evidence Act, 1872 is no longer in force.