Law of Evidence

The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 gives foundational importance to oral evidence, which is often the primary means through which facts are established in court. This chapter defines oral evidence and lays down the rules governing its admissibility, reliability, and the conditions under which it must be direct. It also distinguishes between competent and incompetent witnesses, emphasizing … Read more

The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 dedicates these chapters to the treatment of documentary evidence and the distinctions between public and private documents. Chapter 11 deals with how documents may be presented and proved in court. Chapter 12 classifies documents and highlights the procedure for proving public documents. Chapter 13 introduces various presumptions the court may draw … Read more